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Impact Of Nutrition On Nations Produtivity And Healthy Growth

Unlike the past few years, Nigeria has greatly improved socio-economically. Malnutrition still plagues some of her citizens. She has long been plagued by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure and macroeconomic mismanagement. This has led to her overreliance on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings and about 65% of budget revenues. But certain government and economic reforms have brought about substantial improvements, from an estimated $430 per capita in 2003 to $1,000 in 2005. The unemployment rate fell from 3.2 percent in 1997 to 2.9 percent in 2005. Microfinance banking and CBN’s bank liquidation and consolidation has resulted in Bank of Nigeria being named one of the best banks in Africa. The culmination of the whole thing was March 2006, when a historic $30 billion worth of debt was written off from the $37 billion debt Nigeria owned. Despite these recent developments, 70 percent of Nigerians are still malnourished in the hands of estranged people, and 60 percent lived below the poverty line in 2000. For clarity, I have categorized Nigeria’s nutritional problems into undernutrition, overnutrition, and micronutrients. The purpose of this article is to review the government’s efforts and suggest ways to free the country from the alienating hands of poverty that threaten the country’s future.

nutritional issues.

While these three nutrition questions are a generalization of the malnutrition problem in our country, it is best to look at the whole problem one by one. Malnutrition is one of the biggest nutritional problems, mostly afflicting people in rural areas and some who move to the cities in search of better pastures. Malnutrition is characterized by insufficient intake of macronutrients (ie, calories and protein). According to President Obasanjo, “almost half of Nigerian children aged 7+-13 are underweight”. Many children and adults go to bed hungry, and some eat just one meal a day that is mostly carbohydrates. This can lead to malnutrition and protein deficiency. It is the main cause of kwashiorkor, which is more unique to people living in tropical African regions. For adults, the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.79 grams per kilogram of body weight (0.36 grams per 1 pound) per day. For children and infants, this RDA doubles and triples, respectively, due to their rapid growth. This is the root cause of growth retardation and deformities in growing children. One in five Nigerian children dies before the age of five, largely from the millions of Nigerians who also live on less than a dollar a day, and others who survive by begging on the streets.

Overnutrition is mainly a problem for adults and a small number of adolescents, especially urban residents. This is a rapidly escalating public nutrition issue that largely reflects shifting dietary patterns and more sedate lifestyles. In Nigeria, the economy favors certain groups over others, and the poor get poorer and the rich get richer, and this situation has led to a higher rate of overnutrition – the Nigerian man’s disease. This nutritional concern is now fueled by an alarming rise in the incidence of diet-related chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and several diet-related cancers. These chronic diseases cause human suffering, social hardship, lost productivity and economic burden on health and other sectors of the economy. An increase in the domestic population, both currently and in the near future, affects the country’s workforce and the country’s productivity.

Last but not included in the list are micronutrient deficiencies. This is insufficient intake of key vitamins and minerals. It has been experienced by rich and poor, rural and urban dwellers alike. This is hunger hidden under the guise of self-sufficiency in Nigerian society. A lack of vitamins and minerals can cause irreversible damage to a child’s physical and mental development. That is why this type of malnutrition is concentrated in pregnant women and children. According to some empirical conclusions, it has been observed that even moderate iodine deficiency during fetal development and infancy lowers IQ levels by 10-15 points. Folate deficiency has been linked to severe birth defects. Iron deficiency can affect children’s growth and learning ability, reducing their ability to concentrate and participate fully in school and social interaction and development; it can also lead to material mortality and reduced labor productivity. Vitamin A deficiency has been recorded in 40% of children under 5 years of age.

Nigeria’s three major nutritional problems pose a huge challenge to the country’s faltering economy, leading to a drop in imports of expensive protein-rich foods, oils and animal feed. Many parents are now giving up the task of breastfeeding, all these and many other factors put Nigeria at risk of malnutrition while she is now going through a rapid socio-economic revolution.

Government Action Before Democracy

Nigeria’s economy was dominated by agriculture and trade, which flourished during colonial rule in the 19th century. In the 1960s and 1970s, the development of the oil industry led to a substantial increase in export earnings and allowed for substantial investment in industry, agriculture, infrastructure and social sciences.

A sharp drop in oil prices, economic mismanagement and continued military rule characterized Nigeria in the 1980s. In 1983, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) began providing assistance to the Nigerian federal and state ministries of health to develop and implement family planning and child survival programs. In 1992, the HIV/AIDS prevention and control program was added to existing health activities USAID committed $135 million to bilateral aid programs between 1986 and 1996 as Nigeria implemented an initial successful restructuring plan, but later abandoned it. The $150 million aid pledge between 1993 and 2003 was cut short by tensions between the United States and Nigeria over human rights abuses, a failed transition to democracy and a lack of cooperation from the Nigerian government in fighting drug trafficking. By the mid-1990s, these problems led to USAID curtailing activities that could benefit the junta. Existing health programs were redesigned to focus on working through grassroots Nigerian NGOs and community groups.

In 1987, the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), led by principal investigator Dr Kenton Dashiell, launched an ambiguous effort in Nigeria to tackle widespread malnutrition. They encourage the use of nutritious and affordable soybeans in everyday foods. They further stated that soybeans are about 40 percent richer in protein than any common plant or animal food source found in Africa. By adding corn, rice and other grains to soybeans, the resulting protein meets the standards of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Soy also contains about 20% oil, 85% of which is unsaturated and cholesterol-free. While many good programs for alleviating malnutrition began during this period, there were many other socioeconomic issues that prevented these programs from becoming widespread and functioning well into the Democratic period. Malnutrition was largely fueled by the economic instability of the period due to authoritarian governments. Little or no in-depth efforts have been made to address malnutrition. This period can be identified as the period of egoism – the dominance of the government’s private interests at the expense of the suffering masses.

later intervention

The most interesting part of this period is that it is full of hope and hope. Commitments are the main work tool during this period, and the hope is always there to keep them. President Obasanjo pledged support for better coordination of nutrition activities and programs in Nigeria when he met with the President of the International Union of Nutritional Sciences in 2002, and he further stated, “The high incidence of malnutrition is totally unacceptable by this The IUNS President assured that he will do everything possible to ensure that resources are available to improve household food security, increase access to health care services and improve mothers’ ability to care, including support to promote breastfeeding.

Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo lunches at Nasarawa state school feeding on September 27, 2005. The program is fully funded and administered by the Nasarawa State, which makes it a unique model in Africa today. This landmark event is fulfilling one of the promises of fighting malnutrition, he observed that many children aged 7-13 were underweight. He further pledged to reach some 27 million children over the next 10 years.

Other international agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations International Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), which started in 1992 but took root in a democratic system. All of them and many more are fighting against poverty and malnutrition.

Some nutrition improvement programs present many challenges. There is a need for governments to incorporate some nutrition research into national policy. They should be able to touch the nooks and crannies of this country. They should be able to coordinate all sectors of the anti-malnutrition agency. There is a great need for more effective interventions.

Nutrition is now a matter of great intervention and an unavoidable responsibility of every country. While it is difficult to bring solutions to everyone’s doorstep, governments should reach people as much as possible through mobile agencies and mass media. Countries should conduct substantial and valid research to update information such as: average government investment in nutrition per capita, current nutritional deficiencies, information on nutrition initiatives, and national policy frameworks and inter-agency coordination mechanisms. There is a need to promote nutrition organizations, especially NGOs. The government should strive to improve the socio-economic life of the people. Agriculture should be encouraged and improved in the country. The nutritional value of every imported and non-imported product should be checked. Governments should promote a global nutrition agenda, which will increase the visibility of nutrition at national and other levels.

If the above proposed solutions are taken into consideration, Nigeria will go a long way towards improving the status of an African giant and a future economic giant of the world, thus removing the future economic storm that Nigeria is facing as some of its citizens suffer from nutritional problems.

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