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Why Babies Have Acid Reflux

You may have heard of adult GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux. Have you heard of infantile reflux? Well, about half of all babies under 3 months have reflux. In this article, let us see why babies have acid reflux.

What is acid reflux in babies?

Infant GERD, or infant acid reflux, is an episode in which food swallowed in the stomach (milk) is spit out or regurgitated back into the food pipe (esophagus). Sometimes, the food goes back into the stomach or is mostly spit back. Babies spit up after almost every feeding. This happens when milk and acid are pushed back up the esophagus or mouth.

Why do babies get acid reflux?

Acid reflux in babies occurs when their digestive systems are immature. When food is swallowed, the esophagus automatically contracts and pushes the food into the stomach. A valve called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxes and lets food pass. LES prevents food and acid from backing up into the esophagus. However, in GERD, the valve does not close properly or remains open. Thus, stomach acid and food are allowed to back up into the esophagus.

In infants, reflux occurs because the LES valve is weak and may not close properly. Second, babies tend to lie down most often, and they have a shorter esophagus than adults. As a result, babies spit up or burp after every feeding. This is usually painless and normal in babies under 1 year old. Occasionally, milk may mix with stomach acid and appear. This can irritate the lining of the esophagus, causing pain and restlessness in the baby.

Reflux isn’t bad for babies because it helps relieve pressure in case the baby swallows more milk and overcomes an upset stomach.

What are the signs of acid reflux in babies?

Generally, babies do not experience any symptoms of acid reflux. They just tend to spill milk after feeding. However, when acid mixes with refluxed milk, it can cause certain symptoms. If babies spit up after a feed, which may stain their clothes, or even yours, but doesn’t seem to be affected, it’s normal reflux.

However, if it bothers the baby and causes pain, discomfort and crying during or after feedings. Their vomiting is more pronounced after eating. A small number of babies may vomit more than they eat and tend to lose weight or be unable to gain weight.

Sometimes, these symptoms may be more than just acid reflux. They may have lactose intolerance, a stomach infection, or a gastrointestinal disorder. Some babies also have silent reflux that doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms. Such a baby may cry a lot and appear to be in pain from a persistent cough. However, when they are upright, they may appear a little relaxed.

How to treat acid reflux in babies?

Acid reflux in infants is not a condition that requires normal treatment. It usually goes away on its own as the baby grows. However, if your baby is bothering you, you can try switching brands of milk for a formula-fed baby, or if a mother needs to adjust her diet for a breastfed baby.

Feed your baby often and in small amounts so the stomach doesn’t get too full. Keep your baby upright for at least half an hour after feeding to allow the milk to enter the stomach. Allow quiet time after feedings so the milk can be digested without causing discomfort and gas.

When it comes to acid reflux in babies, all you can do is help your baby get comfortable and pat it all out. If you find this bothersome and worrying, please consult your child’s pediatrician for further advice.

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