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Type 2 Diabetes – Preventing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes. According to a study by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health in Baltimore, United States, hormone therapy could be one means of prevention.
The study reported in Journal of Gastroenterology in November 2012, 4,338 women aged 20 to 60 included:
- a total of 11.6 percent of participants were diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
- women using oral contraceptives had a disease prevalence of only 6.7%.
- participants who had previously used oral contraceptives had a 12.0% prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, while women who had never taken the medication had a 15.0% prevalence of the disease.
From these results, it was concluded that oral contraceptives could be associated with a reduced likelihood of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which would be consistent with the fact that young women develop the disease less than postmenopausal women and men.
On the other hand, researchers point out that women using oral contraceptives may have less body fat than women not using the medication. Further studies will be needed to clarify whether hormone therapy may be useful to protect the liver.
Individuals with the disease may be asymptomatic at first, but as the condition progresses, they may become tired and lose weight for no apparent reason. High levels of liver enzymes in the blood are a sign of liver disease. The disease can be diagnosed when a piece of the liver, called a biopsy, is taken and looked at under a microscope.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can be silent unless the liver becomes inflamed, a condition known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH.
NASH affects:
- 2 to 5 percent of Americans,
- often occurring in middle age, or
- obese individuals.
If the liver becomes scarred and hardened, blood cannot circulate through it and the liver may lose its function. Although the causes are not fully understood, insulin resistance, release of cytokines (molecules also seen in diabetes) and oxidative reactions are all related. Currently, measures to prevent this condition include:
- weight normalization,
- eat a nutritious, low-fat diet,
- enough exercise
- avoiding alcohol and
- avoiding drugs that are not absolutely necessary.
Various treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are being studied. Metformin, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, selenium, vitamin E, and betaine are all options, but prevention is always better than cure, so stick to a plan to stay in good health.
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